本文根据 Devhints / Git tricks 翻译。代码示例及版本范围沿用原文。
引用（Refs）
HEAD^ # 1 commit before head
HEAD^^ # 2 commits before head
HEAD~5 # 5 commits before head分支
# create a new branch
git checkout -b $branchname
git push origin $branchname --set-upstream
# get a remote branch
git fetch origin
git checkout --track origin/$branchname
# delete local remote-tracking branches (lol)
git remote prune origin
# list merged branches
git branch -a --merged
# delete remote branch
git push origin :$branchname
# go back to previous branch
git checkout -协作
# Rebase your changes on top of the remote master
git pull --rebase upstream master
# Squash multiple commits into one for a cleaner git log
# (on the following screen change the word pick to either 'f' or 's')
git rebase -i $commit_ref子模块
子模块
# Import .gitmodules
git submodule init
# Clone missing submodules, and checkout commits
git submodule update --init --recursive
# Update remote URLs in .gitmodules
# (Use when you changed remotes in submodules)
git submodule sync差异 (Diff)
带统计信息的差异
git diff --stat
app/a.txt | 2 +-
app/b.txt | 8 ++----
2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)仅显示文件名
git diff --summary日志选项
选项
--oneline
e11e9f9 Commit message here
--decorate
shows "(origin/master)"
--graph
shows graph lines
--date=relative
"2 hours ago"杂项
拣选 (Cherry-pick)
git rebase 76acada^杂项
# get current sha1 (?)
git show-ref HEAD -s
# show single commit info
git log -1 f5a960b5
# Go back up to root directory
cd "$(git rev-parse --show-top-level)"简要日志
$ git shortlog
$ git shortlog HEAD~20.. # last 20 commits
James Dean (1):
Commit here
Commit there
Frank Sinatra (5):
Another commit
This other commit二分查找 (Bisect)
git bisect start HEAD HEAD~6
git bisect run npm test
git checkout refs/bisect/bad # this is where it screwed up
git bisect reset手动二分查找
git bisect start
git bisect good # current version is good
git checkout HEAD~8
npm test # see if it's good
git bisect bad # current version is bad
git bisect reset # abort搜索
git log --grep="fixes things" # search in commit messages
git log -S"window.alert" # search in code
git log -G"foo.*" # search in code (regex)GPG 签名
git config set user.signingkey <GPG KEY ID> # Sets GPG key to use for signing
git commit -m "Implement feature Y" --gpg-sign # Or -S, GPG signs commit
git config set commit.gpgsign true # Sign commits by default
git commit -m "Implement feature Y" --no-gpg-sign # Do not sign