本文根据 Devhints / Vimscript functions 翻译。代码示例及版本范围沿用原文。
字典与列表
字典
let colors = {
\ "apple": "red",
\ "banana": "yellow"
}
echo colors["a"]
echo get(colors, "apple") " suppress error
remove(colors, "apple")
" :help E715
if has_key(dict, 'foo')
if empty(dict)
keys(dict)
len(dict)
max(dict)
min(dict)
count(dict, 'x')
string(dict)
map(dict, '<>> " . v:val')
extend(s:fruits, { ... })for key in keys(mydict)
echo key . ': ' . mydict(key)
endfor列表 (Lists)
let mylist = [1, two, 3, "four"]
let first = mylist[0]
let last = mylist[-1]
" Suppresses errors
let second = get(mylist, 1)
let second = get(mylist, 1, "NONE")函数
缓冲区
line('.') " current line number
col('.')
col('$')
getline('.') " current line as a string
getline(1) " get line 1
getline(1, 5) " get lines 1-5
search('^$') " next blank line, returns line number
search('^$','n') " but don't move cursor
getcurpos() " [bufnum, lnum, col, off, curswant]
getpos('.') " [bufnum, lnum, col, off]
nextnonblank(1) " next non-blank line after line1
prevnonblank()标记 (Marks)
getpos("'a") " position of a mark
setpos("'a",...)
getpos("'<") " position of selection start光标
cursor(line,col) " moves cursor
cursor(line,col,off,curswant)
getcurpos() " returns [bufnum,line,col,off,curswant]展开
expand('<cword>') " word under cursor
expand('%') " current file
" <cword> current word on cursor
" :p full path
" :h head
" :p:h dirname (/Users/rsc/project)
" :t tail (file.txt)
" :r root (file)
" :e extension (.txt)
" see :h cmdline-special文件
fnameescape('string')
fnamemodify('main.c', ':p:h')
fnamemodify(fname, ':e') " current file extension - see expand()
filereadable(fname)
getfsize('file.txt')
getcwd()
globpath(&rtp, "plugin/commentary.vim")数学
fmod(9, 2) " modulus
abs(-0.5)
sqrt(9)
trunc(1.84)
floor(1.84)
ceil(1.84)
float2nr(3.14)类型转换（Casting）
str2float('0.2')
str2nr('240')
str2nr('ff', '16')
string(0.3)类型检查
type(var) == type(0)
type(var) == type("")
type(var) == type(function("tr"))
type(var) == type([])
type(var) == type({})
type(var) == type(0.0)日期/时间
strftime('%c')
strftime('%c',getftime('file.c'))字符串
if a =~ '\s*'
substitute(str, '.', 'x', 'g')
strpart("abcdef", 3, 2) " == "de" (substring)
strpart("abcdef", 3) " == "def"
stridx("abcdef", "e") " == 4
strridx() " reverse
matchstr('testing','test') " == 'test' (or '')
match('testing','test') " == 0
matchend('testing','test') " == 4
match('testing','\ctest') " ignore case
split(str, '\zs') " split into characters
strlen(str)
strchars() " accounts for composing chars
strwidth() " accounts for ambig characters
strdisplaywidth() " accounts for tab stops
toupper(str)
tolower(str)
tr('foo', '_-', ' ')语法
synstack(line('.'),col('.')) " returns many
synID(line('.'),col('.'),1) " only one
synIDattr(id,"bg")
synIDattr(id,"name")
synIDtrans()
" syntax stack
map(synstack(line('.'), col('.')), 'synIDattr(v:val, "name")')Shell
system('ls '.shellescape(expand('%:h')))寄存器 (Registers)
getreg('*')
getregtype('*') " v(char), V(line) <ctrl-v>(block)比较
if name ==# 'John' " case-sensitive
if name ==? 'John' " case-insensitive
if name == 'John' " depends on :set ignorecase
" also: is#, is?, >=#, >=?, and so on
if "hello" =~ '.*'
if "hello" !~ '.*'执行
执行命令
normal 'ddahello'
exe 'normal ^C' " with expansions
wincmd J